Foxime is a brand of cefotaxime sodium, an antibiotic belonging to the cephalosporin group. It is widely used for the treatment of severe infections caused by cefotaxime-sensitive pathogens. Foxime exhibits a bactericidal effect and has potent antibacterial activity against a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is known for its effectiveness in treating respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and many other types of infections. This blog post will provide an in-depth analysis of Foxime, including its composition, properties, indications, precautions, and dosage guidelines.
Composition and Properties
Foxime is available in different formulations, including 0.5 g I.M./I.V., 1 g I.M., and 1 g I.V. The vials contain sterile cefotaxime sodium USP equivalent to the respective dosage strengths. The ampoules contain either sterile water for injection USP or lidocaine hydrochloride injection USB, depending on the formulation. Here are some key properties of Foxime:
- Antibiotic Class: Foxime belongs to the cephalosporin group, which exhibits a bactericidal effect.
- Bactericidal Activity: Foxime has stronger antibacterial activity against gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria compared to other cephalosporins and penicillins. It is effective against various pathogens, including Staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., and many others.
- Tissue Penetration: Foxime has good tissue penetration, allowing it to reach the site of infection effectively.
- Excretion: Foxime is primarily excreted in an active form through the kidneys.
Indications
Foxime is indicated for the treatment of severe infections caused by cefotaxime-sensitive pathogens. It is used in various conditions, including:
- Respiratory tract infections, including nose and throat infections
- Ear infections
- Kidney and urinary tract infections
- Skin and soft tissue infections
- Bone and joint infections
- Infections of the genital organs, including gonorrhea
- Abdominal infections, such as peritonitis, bile duct infections, and gastrointestinal tract infections
- Sepsis, endocarditis, and meningitis
- Gynecological and obstetric infections
- Infections of burns and other injuries
Foxime is also used for the prophylaxis of infections in patients with reduced resistance, such as those under immunosuppressive treatment or with neutropenia. Additionally, it is used as surgical prophylaxis in gastrointestinal, genitourinary, obstetric, and gynecological surgeries.
Dosage and Administration
The dosage and mode of administration of Foxime depend on the severity of the infection, sensitivity of the pathogens, and the patient’s condition. Here are some general dosage guidelines:
- Infants and Children up to 12 years old: The recommended dose is 50-100 mg/kg body weight daily, divided into several equal doses at intervals of 6-12 hours. In some cases, higher daily doses of 150-200 mg/kg body weight may be used.
- Children over 12 years old and Adults: The usual dose is one vial of Foxime 1 g every 12 hours. In severe infections, the daily dose may be increased to a maximum of 12 g. For higher daily doses, the intervals between doses are reduced.
- Gonorrhea Treatment: A single dose of 0.5 g of Foxime is administered intramuscularly. Prior examination for syphilis is recommended.
- Surgical Prophylaxis: The usual dosage is 1 g I.M. or I.V. during the induction of anesthesia. Post-operative treatment should not exceed 24 hours.
Dosage adjustments are necessary for patients with impaired renal function. The duration of treatment depends on the patient’s response, and it should be continued for at least three days after normalization of the body temperature.
Precautions and Adverse Reactions
Before initiating Foxime therapy, it is important to inquire about any previous hypersensitivity reactions to cefotaxime sodium, cephalosporins, penicillins, or other drugs. Foxime should be used with caution in patients with type 1 hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin.
Common adverse reactions of Foxime include local reactions at the injection site, hypersensitivity reactions (such as rash, pruritus, fever, eosinophilia, and rarely, anaphylaxis), gastrointestinal disturbances (colitis, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting), and transient elevations in liver and kidney function tests. Serious hypersensitivity reactions may require immediate medical intervention.
It is essential to monitor blood counts in patients receiving prolonged courses of Foxime, as it may cause granulocytopenia or agranulocytosis. Other rare adverse reactions include cardiovascular arrhythmias, hematologic abnormalities, central nervous system effects, and cutaneous reactions. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with the use of Foxime, and appropriate measures should be taken if CDAD is suspected or confirmed.
Interactions and Compatibility
Foxime may interact with other medications or affect laboratory parameters. It may cause false-positive results in the direct Coombs test and urinary glucose tests. Compatibility studies have shown that reconstituted Foxime solutions remain stable for specific durations when stored in original containers or plastic syringes under suitable conditions.
Conclusion
Foxime (cefotaxime sodium) is a powerful antibiotic belonging to the cephalosporin group. It is highly effective against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and is used to treat severe infections in various body systems. Foxime exhibits good tissue penetration, produces high serum levels, and is excreted primarily through the kidneys. It is administered via intramuscular or intravenous routes, and the dosage is adjusted based on the patient’s age, weight, and renal function.
As with any medication, Foxime should be used with caution, and patients should be monitored for potential adverse reactions. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and duration of treatment as directed by healthcare professionals. Foxime plays a crucial role in the management of bacterial infections and contributes to patient recovery and well-being.
